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Section 2 Types of Data Gathering Instruments(第2页)

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Physicalappearaionnaires

Thephysicalappearanceofaquestionnairehaveasigupoyandqualityofdataobtaiyofdataisafunoftherespoe.Ill-desigiiveanimpressionofplexity,mediumandtoobigatimeent.Dataqualityalsobeaffectedbythephysicalappearaiohunnecessarilyglayoutsmakingitmoredifficultforinterviewers,orrespohecaseofself-pletioioopletethistaskaccurately.Attentiontojustafewbasicdetailshaveadisproportioageousimpathedataobtaihroughaquestionnaire.

StruterviewDesign

Oingusefulresearchisgatheringreliableinformation.Andthebasisfthatisdesigietthekindofinformationfromwhichthereseardrawvalids.Thispartlooksatsomeofthebasigblocksofastruterview,pointsoutpotentialpitfalls,aswaysfortheresearchertoavoidthem,ioproduceasetofquestionsthathavethebestpossibilityreliable,accuratedataoopiterest.

1.Somebasicterms

&hingthatanewreseareedstoknowissomestandardterminology.Thiskhatpersoherceptstobeishimorherinapositiontouhmoreexperiehedise.

·Struterview—OusesaDataent(DCI)togatherdata,eitherbytelephoofaastruterview,theevaluatorasksthesamequestionsofnumerousindividualsinapreer,eadividualthesamesetofpossibleresponses.(Intrast,anuerviewanyopeionsthatarenotaskediructured>

·puter-assistedtelephoerview(oftelephoerviewwheretheDCIisstoredinaputeraerviewerrecordsrespootheputer.

2.Designingastruterview

&epiheioformulatethebroadoverallquestionsthatthesurveyisioanswer,i.e.

·Whyisthestudybeiaken?

·Whatdoesthestudyaimtolearermine?

&askistotrahebroadoverallquestionsintomeasurableelementsashypothesesormoreprecisequestions.

&argetpopulatioobeidentified.Ifputer-assistedmathinstruewonlytradeorschool,eedstobetakentoiheparentswhosehavebeehepre.Itmaysoundbasiumerablestudieshaveproceededtounsatisfapletionbecauseofisiderationofthisaspect.

udyproceedtothedevelopmentofapoolofspecifisdesighedesiredinformation.Thenumberofquestionsdevelopedshouldbemorethaobeasked;theappropriateandusefulbeselethoseavailable.

3.posingappropriatequestions

Threemaifappropriatequestions:relevaionoftheproperrespos,ease.

·Relevaionsshouldbedirectlyrelatedtothepurposeofthestudyandhaveagoodprobabilityofyieldingthekindofdatadesired.

&ios—Eventhoughaquestiotothestudy,itmaynotbeahepeopletowhomit>

·Easeofrespoiooberelativelyeasytoanswerandshouldeembarrassmentfororanuheinterviewee.

&iionformat

Importaionsindetheformatofquestiohequestionistobedelivered(mail,telephooface),thetypeofinformatioisexpectedtoprovide,andthepossiblealternativeresponses.Makingthesedeswillresultiionofopen-ended,fill-in-theblank,binary-choice,scaledresponse,orunscaled-respoions.Ofcourse,dependiypeofinformatioruterviewquestienerallyhaveabinatioypesofquestions.

·Open-ended—Be-eioructurefortheaheyshouldbetightlyfocusedtoelicitthekindofinformationthereseartstoget.Aheyrequireadtime-ingtrans,theiruseshouldbelimitedtoinitialresearchwherethenumberofresposissmallaistorefiheresearchdireddeterminemoreprecisequestionsthatbestruother>

·Fill-ihistypeofquestionhasasimpleanswer,usuallyaname,frequency,orquantity,whichisthekindofinformatioioodatobtaining.

·Binary—Thesearegoodforobtainingfaationthatfallsirue-falsecategoryofanswer.

·Scaled-respoofalistofalterhatincreaseordeiyinanorderedfashion.Thesekiioherdefinedasbalanbalandratingandranking.

·Unscaled-respohistypeofquestioisaskedtooreoptionsfromalist;thisisthetypeofquestionthatshouldihercategorysothattherespoforcedtoseleshichheorsheisisfied.

Activity2-1:Findingoutthesimilaritiesaweentwhods

&heseagainandworkwithyourclassmatestofindtheonalitiesaweewhods:questioruterview.Thenfinishthefollo>

Activity2-2:Regthepurpthequestionnaire

&heseick“√”

aftereacewhichistrueaboutthepurpthequestionnaire.Makehelpedyoureachyourde.

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