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Table4.ClassifiofAttitudeGroupsBasedonGAMScores
Note.GAM=GeudeMeasure.
Inmyopinioyisive.Ifwefeelaudyhardertoovereit,itispositive.However,almostallayocesmakeusfeelboredwithstudyingEnglish,andwanttoabandonEnglish,becewehave,nomotivatiostudywell.(Dao,Aut,L40-43)
Similarly,Quansharedhisview:“InmyopiniostudyingEnglishhastwosides,bothbenefidharmful;however,thebad,harmfulsidedominates”
(Quan,Aut,L44-45).Tuyetaffirmedherunfavourableattitudetlish:“Despitebeiudentsyablishistheoalsoformas”
(Tuyet,MA,Aut,L35-36).
Thirty-fourstudeohaveamixedattitudetowardsFLAwhentheyemphasisedbothitsfagais.Forexample,aymadelearningEnglishmorediffidstressfulf,butitalsomadehimfocusmoreonstudying:
Iime,itwasthealishthatpushedmetofostudyingmaiisdifferentfromordinarydays,whenIhavenoanxiousfeeliudyEnglish.(Long,Int,L65-67)
Takingitmenerally,edaymadelearningmoredifficult,buttheyalsosupposedthatifstudentsdidnotfeelanxiousatall,theymightthinktheyweregoodenoughatEnglishanddidudy,thusmakinghatayimpliedstudestudies,whereasforthosewhodidnotfeelanxiousitmightmeantheyhadabandonedEFLlearning.Infact,itcouldbedeterminedfromDugofhisaDuotfeelhighlyanxiousbecausehedidnotcaremuchaboutEFLlearning:“IdoudyingEnglish,soImaiocopewithexams.Mytargetistopasstheexamsonly,Idomutheresults,thereforeIdonotfeelveryanxious”
(Duc,Aut,L5-8).ThisvieortedbyTrong,whoassumedthatoedtostudyseriously,theywouldunavoidablyexperienypressuresandthat,“isuccess,itseemsthatwehavetoenduresiderablepressures”
(Trong,Aut,L38-39,59).
FourstudeobemorepositivetowardsFLAbecausetheyemphasisedthepositiveativeeffectsofFLA.Agtothesestudents,FLAwasnotharmful,butbenefibecauseitmotivatedthemtostudyharder.NotthepositiveeffectsofFLAoheyalsopoihatayhadapositiveimpaeverystudent.ThisviewwasrefleThanh’sresponse:
Int:Inyouropinion,howdoesEFLAaffets?
ThastudyingEnglishhasverygoodimpastudents.Particularly,studeospeudying,enriowledgeonEnglish;activelypractiselistening,speaking,reading,writingskills,etc.Thesewillhelpstudentsenhanglishprofiordertouseioapplyinfuturejobs....Inmyanxiousfeelingoe,ithasgoodeffeystudyresult,becausetheaymakesmereisethatIhavetotrytostudymoreiosupplementtheknowledgeIlack.
(Thanh,Int,L58-64,81-83)
Althoughthesefourstudentsdidhedetrimescausedbyhighlevelsofaheyfothefagsideofafortstoimprlishproficy,whichwas,fromtheirpointofview,nedimportaure.Forexample,Trungexplained:
MyayorytostudyEnglishmore,notgmetoudyingEhinkEnglishisveryneyfuturewhenIgraduateandapplyforjobs.AndwithoutEnglishproficy,opportunitiesforfurtherstudiesforprofessioarefarfromfeasible.(Trung,Aut,L45-49)
TrungwasstroheroleofEnglishforhisfuture,thereforeayplayedtherhimtopaymoreattentiontohisEFLlearning.
Insummary,theanalysisofthestudentGAMfoundvariabilityis’attitudestowardsFLA.Detailedanalysisofthestuderansdautobiographieselaboratedonthisfinding,indigthatalmostallofthestudentssideredalevelofFLAtobenatural,andtheyaowledgedboththegoodandthebadaspectsofFLA.However,thestudeheirjudgmentsonrevailedandhlyoneprevailedovertheother.Specifically,whereas52.7%hadexplicitattitudes(maiowardsFLA,47.3%hadamixedattitudetowardsit.
Teachers’attitudestowardsFLA.Theanalysisofteachers’attitudestowardsFLAwasbasedoafromeightteaterviets.RelevaiooashoerceivedthenatureofFLAaheyhadapativeviewaboutit.
Agtoalloftheteaxietywasahatwasiiudentintheirfuagelearning.Forexample,Baaywasaiosfounditdifficulttoadaptteorcourserequirements,aed:“Thatstudentshaveanxiousfeeliural.Approaewtextbooksdifferentfromthoseathighsewteaewordifferentteagmethods,etc.,allthesefactorsxietymoreorlesstostudents”
(t,L21-25).RegardlessofthereasoudeheseteacherspostulatedthataalevelwasnaturalinEFLlearning.
WheheirfeelingstowardsFLA,theseteachersemphasisedboththefagaisofFLA.Forexample,Quesaid:
TosomeexteEnglishlanguagelearivewheslosetheiriahusiasminlearningEnglish.However,somestudentstheirEnglishprofithatfirstaheyknowwhatleveltheyareinauage.(Que,Int,L33-36)
&ressedthatacausebothpositiveaiveeffects.Similarly,Baed,“Ayeitherbeamotivationtopushstudentstotrymoreorcreatemorepressuretostudentsinlearning”
(Bang,Int,L34-35).AlthoughtheseteacherswereFLA,pergthatitmightcausedetrimeudentsiftheirdegreeofaywashigh,theyalsobelievedaycouldbeasigstudies:“Tosomeextent,itisgoodbecausetheyatleastcareablishlanguagelearhanignit”
(Uyen,Int,L17-18).
Agtotheseteachers,ifstudentsdidnotfeelanxiousatall,itwaslikelythattheydidEFLlearning.Forthem,thosestudentswhodidnotwanttostudyEobeanxiousatall,whereasthosewhofeltanxiousandsoughthelpfromteacherswerelikelytobeseriousab.ThisviewwasrefleVy’srespoudentsareseriousabafuageasimportahedegreeofayishigherthanlazyones”
(Vy,Int,L13-14).Giveanglish,studentsweresupposedtobeseriousinlearningEnglish.Inthisseywasfavoured.Forieoftensionisnecessary,especiallyfornot-very-hard-wstudents”
(,L36-37).
Assuch,alloftheteasideredFLAtobebothfagaingdependingoherewasodetermiheyjudgedeierviewsiheteachershadamixedattitudetoressingbothpositiveaiveentsaboutit.
PLIS
ThisstudyexploredtheexistenceofFLAinamesenon-EnglishmajorstudentsandsoughtahequestionsaboutwhetherEFLstudentsahekeystakeholdersintheEFLlearningandteagprocess,wereawareoftheexistenceofFLAasaphenomenoninEFLlearniheyhadapativeviewofit.Severalsbedrawnfromthefindingsofthisstudy.
First,theresultsobtaiheFLCASshoopulatioshadahighlevelofaEFLlearning.Itwasevehanmaionsthathadpreviouslybeenstudied.Basedonthisfinding,FLAwasshowasaphenomenoninEFLlearninamasauageayresearch.
Sed,giveaedtoFLAreseartheliteratureandthehighlevelofFLAinthispopulatiosandteacherswereexpectedtobeawareoftheexistenceofFLA.TheresultsobtaiheGBMihestudeedlearningEFLmademasfeelanxious.Thatis,theywereawareoftheexistenceofFLAaasaphenomenoninEFLlearning,notjustpartoftheirletolearnafuage.Thisfindingwasobtainedfrom419studentsofdifferentmajors,fromvariousplacesin,andwithdifferentstartingpointsintimeflish,thushavingreasonablegeneralisability.Thisresultwasalsocorrobhtheanalysisof18studeranscripts,whicluded6HA,6MA,and6LAstudents.Thisprovariationsamplioassumethefindingswerereasonablystable(D?ornyei,2007).TheanalysisofthestuderanscriptsrevealsthatalmostallofthestudentsbelievedFLAexistedinalargeudents.MostofthemsideredFLAasaseriousproblemthatobemahiswasaligheactualsituationofFLAasideheFLCASmeasure.However,thereseemedtobeamismatstudents’andteachers’persofthespreadayofFLA.ThestudeosiderFLAtobemoreseriousthaeachersdid.BasedontheanalysisoftheteacherGBMaranscripts,mostoftheteacherswereawareoftheexistenceofFLA,buttheysideredittoexistinonlyasmalludents.MostoftheteachersdidnotsiderFLAasaseriousproblem;theythereforehadakenitintoatheirteag.Thedisthestudents’andteachers’beliefsaboutFLAandthefindingabouttheexistenceofFLAobtaiheFLCASsuggestthattheseteaderestimatedtheimportahisissue.
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