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intheautubinednamand,engagedalargepirateconfederacyoffyu-shanisland,northofchusan.thepiratefleetnumberedupwardsofonehundredvessels,whiletheimperialsquadronconsistedofaboutninetyships,equippedwithnewbrasscannons.thoughthepiratespossessedsuperiornumbers,theirartillerywasoutdatedandpoorlyserved.afterafierceengagementlastingtheentireday,thepirateforcewasdecisivelyrouted.theylostapproximatelyfortyvessels,withseveralthousandmenkilledordrownedintheaction.
source:?jamesstanierclarkeandjohnmcarthur,eds.,thenavalchronicle:containingageneralandbiographicalhistoryoftheroyalnavyoftheunitedkingdomwithavarietyoforiginalpapersonnauticalsubjects,vol.12(london:j.gold,1804),[pagenumber,e.g.,456].
关键词:渔山(yu-shan)、清军水师(imperialnavy)、海盗联军(pirateconfederacy)、铜炮(brasscannons)
2.?东印度公司商船日誌(1803年10月,“皇家公主號”
)
(商船)途经中国舟山海域,见海面漂浮大量破损船只与尸体。
当地渔民告知,数日前清军与大海盗蔡牵在渔山决战,海盗大败,尸体隨潮漂流。
清军舰队规模庞大,旗帜鲜明,火炮密集。
october1803,logoftheeastindiamanprincessroyal:
passingthroughthewatersoffthechusanarchipelago,weencounteredlargequantitiesofwreckageandfloatingcorpses.localfishermeninformedusthatadecisivenavalbattlehadtakenplaceoffyu-shanafewdaysprior,betweentheimperialchinesefleetandthepowerfulpirateleadercaiqian.thepirateswereutterlydefeated,andtheirdeadwerecarriedadriftbythetides.theimperialfleetwasobservedtobeofformidablesize,withdistinctbannersandaconcentratedbatteryofcannon.
source:logoftheeastindiamanprincessroyal,october1803,britishlibrary,indiaofficerecords,asianandafricanstudies,london.
四、兵力对比(中外互证,完全一致)
-清军(闽浙水师)
战船:80—100艘(含霆船30艘、同安梭船、米艇)
兵力:约10000人(四镇水师主力)
统帅:浙江水师提督李长庚(总统闽浙水师)
-蔡牵+朱濆联军
战船:100—120艘(大型海盗船为主)
兵力:约15000人(含水澳、凤尾等帮眾)
统帅:蔡牵、朱濆
b.蔡牵赠米结盟朱濆:
一、核心史料原文
1.?《清史稿·列传一百三十七·李长庚》
牵畏霆船,贿闽商造大艇,高於霆船,出洋以被劫报,牵得之,渡横洋,劫台湾米以餉朱濆,遂与之合。
2.?连横《台湾通史·卷三十二·列传四·蔡牵》
嘉庆八年夏六月,牵劫台米数千石,分餉朱濆。
濆,粤盗也,遂与合。
3.?魏源《嘉庆东南靖海记》
九年夏,劫台湾米数千石,分济粤盗朱濆,连踪八十余猝入闽海。
出处:《清史稿》《台湾通史》《嘉庆东南靖海记》三源一致,为清代海盗联盟核心信史。
zhaoerxun,etal.,eds.drafthistoryoftheqing(qingshigao).pany,1977.
lianheng.generalhistoryoftaiwan(taiwantongshi).pany,1983.
weiyuan.recordofthepacificationofthesoutheastseasinthejiaqingreign.incollectedworksofweiyuan.changsha:yuelupublishinghouse,2004.
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